Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow corridors in the atmosphere that carry massive amounts of water vapor from tropical regions to higher latitudes. Often called “rivers in the sky,” they play a crucial role in global weather patterns, delivering significant precipitation to coastal areas. However, their intensity can turn beneficial rainfall into destructive events.

How Atmospheric Rivers Work

These weather phenomena form when warm, moist air rises over the ocean and is carried by winds along a concentrated path. When this vapor-rich air encounters mountainous terrain or cooler conditions, it releases moisture as rain or snow. While weaker atmospheric rivers provide much-needed water to drought-stricken areas, more intense ones can cause severe flooding, landslides, and damage to infrastructure.

Recent Destructive Atmospheric Rivers

United States: In January 2023, California faced a series of atmospheric rivers that resulted in catastrophic flooding and landslides. Over 20 people lost their lives, and the state suffered billions of dollars in damages. These storms brought record-breaking rainfall, swelling rivers, and overwhelming drainage systems in urban areas.

Canada: In November 2021, British Columbia experienced one of its most devastating atmospheric rivers. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding, washing out highways, displacing thousands of residents, and triggering landslides. The Fraser Valley, a key agricultural region, faced extensive damage, with losses to crops, livestock, and infrastructure totaling billions.

The Increasing Impact

Climate change is believed to intensify atmospheric rivers, making them wetter and longer-lasting. As ocean temperatures rise, the atmosphere holds more moisture, leading to heavier precipitation during these events.

Understanding atmospheric rivers is critical for preparing for their potential impacts. Investments in infrastructure, early warning systems, and climate resilience can help mitigate the damage caused by these powerful weather systems.